Learn the meaning, principles and political development of communism, from Marx and Lenin to the Soviet Union, China and its

Explore Marxism, its core ideas, class struggle and historical materialism and understand how Marx’s theory explains society, capitalism and social

Explore socialism, its meaning, principles, major types and development, from utopian thinkers to modern democratic and market-oriented approaches. Socialism Socialism

Explore liberalism, its meaning, principles, major types and historical evolution from classical liberalism to modern political thought. Liberalism Liberalism is

Understand political obligation, its meaning, types, evolution and impact on citizens, law, authority, rights and the functioning of the modern

Explore nationalism, its meaning, types, evolution and impact on politics, society, identity, self-determination and the modern nation-state. Nationalism Nationalism is

Explore secularism in India, its meaning, key features, constitutional basis and political significance in a diverse democratic society. Secularism in

Learn what citizenship means, its types, rights and responsibilities and how Indian citizenship is acquired, regulated and terminated under law.

Learn the meaning, features, types and importance of democracy, including how popular participation, rights, elections and rule of law shape

Duties: Understand the meaning, types and importance of duties and discover their close relationship with rights in a democratic society.